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use-of-force law

The legal treatment of less-lethal weapons in use-of-force law

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Jan 27, 2026
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What are Minnesota police department policies for officers when a civilian tells them they are armed?

When a civilian tells an officer they are armed, officers are guided first by state law on reasonable and , and second by local agency use-of-force and de‑escalation policies that prioritize stabilizi...

Jan 16, 2026
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What procurement records exist for HC‑formulation smoke munitions purchased by Minnesota law enforcement or federal agencies since 2020?

No procurement records for hexachloroethane (HC)–formulation smoke munitions purchased by Minnesota law enforcement or by federal agencies since 2020 are present in the supplied reporting; the materia...