Index/Topics/World War I

World War I

The global conflict that began in 1914 and ended in 1918, involving multiple countries and resulting in significant loss of life and changes to the global political landscape.

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Jan 16, 2026
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Who originally used the phrase new world order in diplomatic writings and when?

The earliest diplomatic uses of language closely matching "new world order" trace to the World War I and immediate postwar period, when President Woodrow Wilson used phrases such as "new order of the ...

Jan 12, 2026
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What legal and historical definitions exist for 'collective punishment' and how were they applied in World War II?

Collective punishment—penalizing a group for acts committed by individuals—has long roots in military practice but is now banned under modern international humanitarian law because it targets the inno...

Jan 13, 2026
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What are the legal and formal definitions of a Gold Star Mom in the U.S. military community?

The phrase "Gold Star Mom" traces to World War I service-flag traditions and today generally denotes a mother who lost a child while that child served in the U.S. armed forces; the most formal definit...

Jan 13, 2026

Who are the most influential historians studying fascism?

A compact roster of scholars dominates contemporary and historical debates about fascism: Robert Paxton, Roger Griffin, Emilio Gentile, George L. Mosse, Ian Kershaw, Ruth Ben‑Ghiat, and a cluster of h...

Jan 18, 2026

World War 1

World War I erupted after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 but was the product of decades of militarism, imperial rivalry, entangled alliances and rising nationalism that transfor...

Jan 18, 2026

How did Congress structure the 1936 veterans benefits law that followed the Bonus Army protests?

Congress responded to the Bonus Army crisis not by creating a new program but by accelerating payment of previously authorized World War I "adjusted compensation" certificates: the Adjusted Compensati...

Jan 13, 2026

How have images and slogans from historical atrocities been invoked in modern U.S. political messaging and controversies?

Images and slogans drawn from historical atrocities are routinely repurposed in U.S. political messaging to dramatize moral claims, galvanize audiences, and delegitimize opponents, a practice rooted i...

Jan 13, 2026

Who was alistair crowley?

Aleister Crowley was an English-born occultist, ceremonial magician, writer and mountaineer who founded the religion of Thelema and styled himself a prophetic figure for a new spiritual age . He remai...

Jan 10, 2026

What is the definition of fascism ?

Fascism is a modern political ideology and mass movement that centers extreme nationalism, the supremacy of the nation (or race) over individuals, and the use of authoritarian, often violent, state po...