What were the total numbers of non-Jewish victims (Roma, disabled, political prisoners) killed by the Nazis?

1. Numbers by group: Roma and Sinti — a wide range from quarter‑million upward

Estimates for Romani (Gypsy) victims most often fall between about 200,000 and 500,000; many mainstream summaries give “around 200,000–250,000,” while broader historical treatments accept figures up to half a million, reflecting sparse documentation and differing geographic scopes ^{[1] [2]}. The Romani genocide was formally recognized at different times by governments, and historians caution that under‑reporting, local mass shootings, and assimilation make precise totals uncertain ^[1].

2. Numbers by group: people with disabilities — early and systematic “euthanasia” killings

The Nazis’ program to murder mentally and physically disabled people is repeatedly estimated at “over 250,000” or “about 250,000,” and historians identify the disabled as among the earliest large-scale victims of Nazi mass‑murder policies ^{[2] [7]}. These killings began in institutions and hospitals in Germany and expanded as the regime occupied other territories ^{[7] [2]}.

3. Political prisoners, dissidents and other ideologically targeted groups — tens to hundreds of thousands

Political opponents, communists, socialists, trade‑unionists, and other dissidents were imprisoned and murdered in large numbers, but precise aggregated totals for “political prisoners” killed by the Nazis are not consistently given in the cited sources; estimates for some overlapping categories (e.g., Polish elites, members of resistance) appear as tens or hundreds of thousands in different accounts ^{[1] [8]}. Available sources do not provide a single authoritative total for all political prisoners killed.

4. Mass murder beyond those categories: Soviet POWs, Poles, forced laborers — millions more

When non‑Jewish categories such as Soviet prisoners of war (about 3.3 million killed), non‑Jewish Polish civilians (commonly estimated 1.5–1.8 million), and victims of hunger and anti‑partisan policies (millions more) are included, the death toll rises into the multi‑millions ^{[4] [1] [3]}. Some aggregations and statistical summaries put total victims of Nazi crimes (Jews and non‑Jews combined) at well over 15 million, with one source listing up to 16–17 million in broader tallies ^{[9] [10]}.

5. The contested “5 million non‑Jewish” number and the “11 million” total — origin and criticism

The oft‑repeated phrase “6 million Jews and 5 million non‑Jews = 11 million victims” has a disputed provenance. It became popular in public discourse in the postwar decades but has been criticized by historians and museum educators as imprecise or even deliberately promotional: Simon Wiesenthal later admitted citing “five million” non‑Jewish victims to draw broader attention, and historians like Yehuda Bauer have argued that non‑Jewish deaths in concentration camps for racial or ideological reasons were likely far lower than five million ^{[6] [5]}. The Illinois Holocaust Museum labels the simple “11 million” figure as misleading and historically problematic ^[5].

6. Why totals vary: definitions, overlap and incomplete records

Different counts reflect differing definitions (who counts as a Holocaust victim versus Nazi victim), overlapping identities (someone could be Jewish and a political prisoner), geographic scope, and the uneven survival of documentation; museums and scholars therefore publish group‑by‑group estimates rather than a single consolidated authoritative non‑Jewish total ^{[11] [12] [4]}. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum emphasizes careful, source‑based tallies for specific camps and groups rather than lump sums ^{[11] [12]}.

7. Takeaway for readers: precise totals are group‑specific; aggregate claims need scrutiny

For the specific groups you named: Romani deaths are commonly estimated 200,000–500,000 (most sources cite ~200,000–250,000 as a conservative range), people with disabilities about 250,000, while “political prisoners” lack a single authoritative aggregate in the cited reporting — and when broader victim classes like Soviet POWs and Polish civilians are added, the non‑Jewish toll runs into the millions ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}. Watch for simplified totals like “5 million non‑Jewish” or “11 million” that stem from older publicity or aggregation choices rather than single, up‑to‑date archival tallies ^{[6] [5]}.

Limitations: reporting and scholarship differ on category boundaries and methods; available sources here provide estimates by group but do not supply one definitive total for all non‑Jewish victims combined ^{[11] [6]}.