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Which states used Dominion Voting Systems in the 2024 general election?
Executive Summary
Dominion Voting Systems equipment was deployed in a substantial but not universal set of U.S. jurisdictions for the 2024 general election: multiple state and county-level sources report Dominion machines operating in at least 27 states (plus Puerto Rico) with confirmed county-level deployments in states such as California (44 counties), Florida (18 counties), Michigan (use of Dominion VATs statewide for accessibility), and Pennsylvania (14 counties). Reporting and vendor statements vary in scope and emphasis; the most reliable picture comes from cross-checking state election office disclosures, vendor statements, and independent fact-checking from October–November 2024 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5].
1. What the official records say — county-by-county evidence that paints the map
State election offices provide the most direct evidence of which jurisdictions used Dominion equipment in 2024, and those records show heterogeneous, county-level adoption rather than a single statewide deployment pattern. California’s Secretary of State lists Dominion ImageCast X (ICX) and ImageCast Evolution machines in 44 counties, underscoring that Dominion’s footprint can be concentrated in populous regions or spread across many mid-sized counties [2]. Florida’s Division of Elections published a county list showing Dominion devices certified and in use in 18 counties, a finding that corrected viral claims that the state had rejected Dominion entirely [3]. Michigan state guidance confirmed Dominion Voter Assist Terminals (VATs) were used for voter accessibility in the 2024 general election, showing that in some states Dominion’s role was limited to accessibility or ballot-marking functions rather than tabulation in every county [4].
2. Aggregated summaries and the “27 states” figure — what it represents and why it matters
Multiple fact-checking outlets and aggregated market analyses reported Dominion equipment being present across 27 states and Puerto Rico in 2024; this figure aggregates county-level deployments into a state count that signals broad national presence without implying every county in those states used Dominion machines [1]. The “27 states” summary is useful as a headline but obscures the nuance: vendors are adopted at the county level, certifications differ by state, and roles vary (tabulation, ballot marking, accessibility). That matters because operational impact—what voters interact with, how ballots are tabulated, and how audits proceed—depends on county-level choices, not simply whether a state appears on a vendor list. Aggregated counts should therefore be treated as indicators of market penetration, not proof of uniform statewide use.
3. Conflicting claims and corrections — how fact-checkers and officials reconciled narratives
Online claims in 2024 sometimes overstated both Dominion’s presence and absence; fact-checkers and state officials pushed back with documentation. Reuters and FactCheck.org published pieces in late October 2024 clarifying that Florida did use Dominion equipment in specific counties, countering viral assertions that Dominion was wholly banned there [3] [6]. Michigan’s Secretary of State released voter guidance about Dominion VATs, showing official acknowledgment of vendor use rather than denial, which undercut simplified narratives that either blamed or absolved Dominion as a single decisive factor in election administration [4]. These corrections illustrate a pattern: misinterpretation of certification lists and county procurement choices drove misinformation, and official county or state lists remain the most authoritative rebuttal.
4. The competitive landscape — where Dominion fit among other vendors and why that influences reporting
Dominion operated alongside other certified vendors—ES&S, Hart InterCivic, Clear Ballot, and others—with market share concentrated differently across states and counties, which shapes both operational realities and public perception [1]. In many states, Dominion provided ballot-marking devices or assist terminals while ES&S or other vendors handled central tabulation; in others, Dominion’s ImageCast devices served as the primary ballot scanner and tabulator in numerous counties [2] [1]. This mixed deployment pattern causes misreading of “which voting system decided X” because electoral outcomes and processes are a mosaic of equipment types, certification timelines, and post-election audits; understanding Dominion’s role requires reading county procurement records and certification lists rather than relying on single-line national tallies.
5. Bottom line and what to watch in future reporting
The verifiable bottom line is that Dominion equipment was used in many jurisdictions in the 2024 general election—documented county-level use in California, Florida, Michigan, Pennsylvania and others, and aggregated reporting of presence in roughly 27 states and Puerto Rico—but the extent of deployment varied greatly by county and by device role [2] [3] [4] [5] [1]. Future reporting should prioritize primary state and county procurement and certification documents, and treat national tallies as starting points rather than definitive accounts. Readers should be alert to agendas: vendor statements seek to reassure about security; partisan claims often over- or under-state vendor presence for political effect; and fact-checkers aim to reconcile claims with official lists. The most reliable method to confirm use in any locality remains checking that county’s election office or the state’s certified equipment roster [2] [4] [3].