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Plateau region in west China
Before 1950 Tibet functioned as a , but Beijing — both the Republic of China earlier and the People’s Republic of China later — consistently asserted sovereignty over the territory, producing competin...
The claim that ’s annexation of was both legal and harmless is not supported by the weight of legal scholarship and historical reporting: numerous legal analyses and human-rights reports characterize ...
Documentary, investigative and intergovernmental reporting provides a multi‑pronged evidentiary record of human rights violations in the People’s Republic of China: detailed UN and NGO findings on mas...
Western governments, major human-rights NGOs and watchdogs document widespread repression in China: credible reports say hundreds of thousands were interned in Xinjiang, media and internet are tightly...
runs one of the world’s largest, state-led weather‑modification efforts aimed at boosting precipitation, preventing hail and mitigating disasters, a program has expanded to millions of square kilometr...
, is the spiritual leader of an Buddhism and an internationally recognized advocate for nonviolence and Tibetan rights; he was born on 6 July 1935 in () and was identified as the reincarnation of the ...
’s pre-1950 social order is contested: there is documented evidence and long-standing claims that forms of serfdom and practices labeled as “slavery” existed in parts of traditional Tibetan society, b...
States, courts and international agencies repeatedly treat the Fourth Geneva Convention (GC IV) as the primary legal framework for occupation and protection of civilians; the International Court of Ju...
The historical record shows ; a small number of 20th-century and later journeys explicitly searched for subterranean realms motivated by spiritual, esoteric, or geopolitical aims, but returned no evid...
China’s rule in Tibet is marked by intensifying state security measures, legislative initiatives that critics say justify assimilation, and reported restrictions on language, religion, and movement; i...