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Island sovereign state in the Caribbean
The United States seized a sanctioned oil tanker off Venezuela’s coast in early December 2025, an action Washington says targeted a vessel used to move sanctioned Venezuelan and Iranian crude; Venezue...
Venezuelan-linked smugglers use fast, open-hulled fishing skiffs—commonly called go-fast boats—to ferry cocaine and other contraband to nearby Caribbean islands such as Trinidad and hops across the Ea...
Available reporting describes “go‑fast” boats as relatively small, high‑speed smuggling vessels capable of carrying large drug loads and crews; one recent U.S.–targeted vessel was described as “on the...
ConocoPhillips won multiple arbitration awards totalling roughly $10–11 billion when interest is included: an ICSID award of about US$8.7 billion plus US$20.4 million in costs (later described in repo...
Venezuela functions mainly as a transit hub — not a primary producer — for cocaine bound for both Europe and the United States, with traffickers using aerial, maritime and island-hopping Caribbean cor...
Go‑fast boats are small, high‑speed powerboats used by smugglers to outrun law enforcement and ferry relatively large loads (often one to two tonnes) of cocaine across open water; they trace their des...
Multiple reputable outlets report that U.S. forces have struck small boats in and near Venezuelan waters in 2025 and that those strikes have caused dozens of deaths — reporting ranges from at least 11...
The available reporting describes drug-smuggling traffic in the Caribbean as using routes from northern South America — especially Venezuela and Colombia — across the southern and eastern Caribbean to...
The evidence in the provided reporting shows that the United States is the principal and most explicit actor accusing Nicolás Maduro of leading a drug‑smuggling network; outside the U.S. government, f...
Cuba entered the 20th century as one of Latin America’s relatively prosperous economies and by 1958 had a reported per‑capita GDP of $2,363, “in the middle of Latin American countries” . Scholarly rec...
ConocoPhillips’ multi‑billion dollar arbitration victories sit at the center of recent enforcement drives: the company has registered and sought to execute awards against Venezuela in multiple jurisdi...
Caribbean islands and territories most frequently identified as transshipment hubs include the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico, the Leeward eastern islands like Aruba and Curaçao, and parts of ...
Most reporting and government statements indicate the Venezuelan boats targeted in the U.S. counter‑narcotics campaign were heading into the eastern Caribbean — to nearby island destinations such as T...
A wide array of international and domestic arbitral bodies — from historic ad hoc tribunals convened in Paris to contemporary ICSID, ICC and UNCITRAL tribunals — have issued awards against the Bolivar...
Multiple U.S. agencies — notably the U.S. military (including Navy task forces) and the Drug Enforcement Administration — along with the U.S. Coast Guard, Congress and international bodies are central...
U.S. officials say many struck Venezuelan-flagged boats were carrying narcotics on known trafficking routes in the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific; U.S. strikes have hit at least 17–22 vessels and kille...
maritime strikes have not stopped flows of but have forced traffickers to adapt routes and tactics: traffickers are rerouting away from strike-prone corridors, increasingly using at-sea transfers and ...
A pragmatic reading list for learning steel and reinforced concrete calculations should pair textbook theory with hands‑on calculation handbooks and local academic guidance; internationally recognized...
ConocoPhillips’ long‑running ICSID and ICC victories have largely survived Venezuela’s legal challenges and are in the process of being recognised and enforced in multiple jurisdictions, while ExxonMo...
Venezuela’s 24 January 2012 notice of denunciation of the ICSID Convention (effective 25 July 2012) produced a legal split: it did not wipe out ICSID’s power to decide or award in cases already regist...