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Online encyclopedia, published by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Primary evidence that Nazi leaders threatened and justified reprisals after Reinhard Heydrich’s May 1942 assassination appears in contemporaneous Nazi orders and official communications, in high-level...
Estimates of deaths in Nazi concentration, extermination, forced‑labor and related camps vary by definition and scope: camp‑system deaths are commonly reported in the low millions — for example, sourc...
On the eve of World War II the global Jewish population is reported in several sources as about 16.6 million; the largest national and regional communities in Europe before the Holocaust were Poland (...
European Jewry grew from the late 19th century into the interwar period and by the late 1930s numbered roughly 9–9.5 million, making up a majority of the world’s Jews (about 57% in some estimates) . B...
In 1939 the world’s largest concentrations of Jews were in Eastern Europe — Poland (~3,000,000), the European Soviet Union (~2,525,000) and Romania (~980,000) — while major city centers included Warsa...
The Nazi Party’s 25-point program, proclaimed in February 1920, combined into a single platform that included explicit economic measures: abolition of “unearned” incomes, nationalization of key indust...
Scholars and reference works converge on a set of core features that recur in 20th‑century fascist movements: extreme militant nationalism, contempt for liberal democracy, authoritarian leadership and...