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Intergovernmental organization
Holocaust denial theories have been systematically dismantled by historians and scholars through converging lines of evidence: contemporaneous Nazi records, survivor and perpetrator testimony collecte...
In the United States, denying the Holocaust carries no general criminal penalty because the First Amendment protects most speech, and federal and major institutional sources state Holocaust denial is ...
Major Jewish organizations generally use the IHRA working definition and the related “Three Ds” framework — demonization, double standards, and delegitimization — as the baseline criteria for judging ...
Legal definitions of antisemitism in the U.S. increasingly center on the IHRA “working definition,” which federal bills like the Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2025 would require the Department of Educ...
Promoting Holocaust denial in the United States carries that range from amplifying antisemitism and inflicting harm on survivors to drawing federal scrutiny and possible institutional sanctions; polic...
is broadly defined as hostility, prejudice or discrimination against Jews, a form of hatred with roots in religious, racial and political currents that stretches back centuries and was named in the 19...
Most European countries treat public denial, trivialization or justification of the as either a standalone criminal offence or an aggravating form of , carrying penalties that can include fines and im...
Across Europe are fragmented: some states single out , others criminalise or of "any genocide," and -level instruments and case-law have tried—and sometimes failed—to harmonise those approaches . The ...
and revisionism produce two distinct consequence streams: legal penalties where jurisdictions criminalize denial as or promotion of Nazism, and academic penalties ranging from censure to exclusion fro...
Holocaust deniers deploy a repeatable toolbox of rhetorical tricks—conspiracy claims, cherry‑picked “evidence,” quote‑mining, moral relativism, and dehumanizing language—to cast doubt on well‑document...
Two broad fault lines run through contemporary definitions of antisemitism: one, exemplified by the IHRA working definition and allied tests, explicitly treats certain delegitimizing and demonizing cr...