Index/Organizations/United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

Federal appellate court for the western U.S.

Fact-Checks

142 results
Jan 15, 2026
Most Viewed

How does the 4th Amendment apply to ICE raids and arrests?

The Fourth Amendment’s protections against unreasonable searches and seizures apply to immigration enforcement in the interior of the United States, and courts have repeatedly held that ICE actions—ra...

Jan 18, 2026
Most Viewed

What is the current status of Measure 114 in the Oregon Supreme Court and the Ninth Circuit?

Measure 114 is currently active in parallel state- and federal-court tracks: at the state level the Oregon Court of Appeals reversed a lower court and lifted a hold in March 2025 and the Oregon Suprem...

Dec 2, 2025
Most Viewed

Can viewing CSAM without downloading it be prosecuted under state laws?

State laws and federal law treat viewing, possessing and distributing child sexual abuse material (CSAM) differently; some prosecutions rest on viewing or accessing material even when the user did not...

Dec 7, 2025

What defenses exist if someone accidentally viewed CSAM without downloading it?

Accidental viewing of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) is treated differently across contexts: some courts and state statutes recognize affirmative defenses for prompt, good‑faith actions like destr...

Dec 17, 2025

Have there been any court cases or prosecutions around viewing CSAM (CP) on Twitter/X

Federal and civil litigation has targeted Twitter/X for hosting and failing to remove child sexual abuse material (CSAM), most prominently survivor lawsuits such as John Doe #1 and John Doe #2 v. Twit...

Dec 4, 2025

What federal laws prohibit racial profiling by ICE agents?

Federal law and the Constitution contain limits on racial profiling by federal agents: the Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable stops and seizures and requires “specific articulable facts” to justi...

Jan 13, 2026

What legal authority does the president have to withhold federal funds from sanctuary cities?

The president can direct executive agencies to identify and try to withhold federal funds from jurisdictions labeled “sanctuary,” and administrations have used executive orders and agency directives t...

Jan 15, 2026

Can ice ask for identification based on skin color

ICE’s authority to demand identification has historically operated within a shifting legal and political framework, and recent reporting shows courts and advocacy groups now say ICE may use race, lang...

Dec 17, 2025

Which common grocery ingredients are exempt from bioengineered labeling because they are highly refined or lack detectable DNA?

The USDA’s National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard treats ingredients that no longer contain detectable modified genetic material as not “bioengineered,” which has left many common, highly ref...

Jan 13, 2026

Can ICE legally compel someone to unlock a phone with a passcode or biometrics?

The short answer: courts have treated passcodes (and other knowledge-based locks) as testimonial and generally protected by the Fifth Amendment, meaning law enforcement—including ICE—cannot be compell...

Nov 10, 2025

Is it legal to kill immigrants

The claim "Is it legal to kill immigrants" is false: , and no statute authorizes killing immigrants. Courts and civil suits have held law enforcement accountable for cross‑border and border‑area shoot...

Jan 18, 2026

What evidence have courts required to determine whether National Guard units were under state or federal operational control?

Courts have focused on tangible indicia of who exercised command and control—legal status (Title 10 vs. Title 32), orders issued, chain-of-command communications, funding and mission definitions, and ...

Dec 9, 2025

Which of the accusations against Donald Trump led to lawsuits and what were their outcomes?

Multiple accusations against Donald Trump led to a wide array of lawsuits — from civil defamation and fraud suits to multistate constitutional challenges to his executive orders and long‑running civil...

Dec 7, 2025

What types of digital evidence (metadata, chats, cloud backups) reliably support probable cause for CSAM warrants?

Metadata (IP addresses, file hashes, timestamps, geotags) and provider records (cloud backups, preserved account logs, CyberTip/NCMEC reports) routinely form the backbone of probable‑cause affidavits ...

Oct 30, 2025

What role did the cornucopia logo play in Fruit of the Loom's rebranding efforts in the 1990s?

Fruit of the Loom did not use a cornucopia as part of its official logo during its 1990s rebranding, and authoritative examinations of advertising, trademark records and independent fact-checking find...

Jan 16, 2026

How have courts treated claims of racial profiling in immigration stops after the Supreme Court’s 2025 orders?

The Supreme Court’s September 2025 emergency order paused a federal court’s restraining order that had barred ICE and DHS from using apparent race, language, workplace, or location as bases for immigr...

Jan 12, 2026

Have courts limited ICE's authority to demand proof of citizenship from U.S. citizens?

Federal courts have at times constrained ICE practices—finding racial profiling and improper stops—but those limits have been eroded recently by higher-court action and long-standing administrative gu...

Dec 15, 2025

What damages and settlements were paid in the Trump University lawsuit?

Federal and state suits over Trump University were resolved by a $25 million settlement finalized in 2018 and upheld on appeal, splitting payment to a class of former students and New York’s attorney ...

Dec 10, 2025

What evidence was presented in the 2005 trial and how did the jury arrive at its verdict?

The 2005 criminal trial of Michael Jackson ended in acquittal on all counts after roughly four months of testimony and about 32 hours of jury deliberations; the jury’s initial vote was nine to acquit ...

Dec 7, 2025

What probable cause is required for a judge to issue a CSAM search warrant?

To secure a CSAM search warrant, prosecutors must show probable cause — a “fair probability” that evidence of child sexual abuse material will be found — supported by an affidavit or other sworn state...