Your fact-checks will appear here
Family name
Smartmatic has documented historical business links to Venezuela: it was founded by Venezuelan engineers, ran Venezuela’s 2004 referendum system, and for a time owned U.S. vendor Sequoia, prompting a ...
U.S. oil companies have repeatedly filed claims and won international arbitration awards against Venezuela for past expropriations and lost investments, but those legal victories have not translated i...
Claims that Smartmatic or Dominion were created by — or directed by — the Venezuelan government to alter U.S. election results rest on a mix of verifiable corporate history and disproven conspiracy cl...
The widely circulated claim that former Venezuelan intelligence chief Hugo Carvajal "released" a list naming U.S. senators who received kickbacks from the Maduro regime is unsupported by available rep...
Multiple international tribunals have found that Venezuela’s 2007 nationalizations of foreign oil investments violated treaty or contractual obligations, and claimants have pursued a mix of arbitral a...
Since Nicolás Maduro took office in 2013 the bolívar has collapsed in value versus the U.S. dollar: inflation turned into hyperinflation, multiple redenominations removed zeros (including a 2021 cut o...
The 1997 “Apertura Petrolera” (Oil Opening) fundamentally shifted Venezuela from exclusive state control toward a hybrid model that invited foreign capital and technology into the Orinoco heavy‑oil be...
Arbitration tribunals have ordered Venezuela to pay multiple billions of dollars over the Chávez‑era nationalizations, but the picture is fragmented: high‑profile awards include ExxonMobil (roughly $0...
Right-wing and left-wing populism share an anti-elite framework but diverge sharply on who counts as “the people,” what they identify as the enemy, and the solutions they propose; , while . Recent emp...
Oil-for-loans — long-term Chinese and regional credit extended in exchange for Venezuelan crude — became the principal mechanism that kept Caracas liquid and politically solvent when normal access to ...
Two legacy U.S. oil majors — ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips — are the principal American firms with active, high‑value legal claims stemming from Venezuela’s 2007 nationalizations, with Conoco’s arbitr...
Democratic socialism in Iceland and the Nordic model emphasizes a market economy combined with to reduce inequality, while the Venezuelan model under Chávez and Maduro centered on , producing starkly ...
The reaction among Venezuelans to the U.S. capture of Nicolás Maduro is not monolithic: there were visible celebrations by Venezuelan expatriate communities and some crowds near border cities, while i...
A patchwork of arbitration wins against Venezuela and PDVSA has produced multibillion‑dollar awards and selective, jurisdiction‑by‑jurisdiction enforcement: ConocoPhillips and other investors have obt...
Venezuela defended the 2007 wave of nationalizations in international tribunals chiefly by invoking sovereign authority to regulate and reclaim strategic resources, by asserting that domestic legal pr...
Venezuela’s post‑1999 agrarian shift combined constitutional mandates, mass occupations and state expropriations to redistribute land to peasant families and collectives — official accounts credit ove...
Historians treat populism as a recurring political style that claims to represent “the people” against a corrupt elite, and they identify both continuity—anti-elite rhetoric, mass mobilization, and pe...
Open-source reporting and government documents since 2015 consistently identify two geographic hubs—the Tri‑Border Area (TBA) of Argentina/Brazil/Paraguay and Venezuela—where Hezbollah-linked networks...
The narrative of Venezuela’s 2007 and related nationalizations has been a persistent lever in U.S. policy and media: framed alternately as evidence of expropriation of American property, proof of anti...
Evidence that elements of the US government were involved in or aware of the April 2002 Venezuelan coup attempt is mixed: contemporaneous reporting and later document releases show US officials met op...