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Former president of Venezuela
Hugo Chávez and his successor Nicolás Maduro oversaw waves of state takeovers and tighter state control over oil and mining assets, notably asserting majority or full state stakes in Orinoco heavy-oil...
The short answer: there is no clear, sourced evidence that Venezuela “stole oil from the United States” as a matter of the U.S. government’s crude being taken; what President Trump and allies have des...
President Trump publicly accused Venezuela of having “stolen” U.S. oil, land and other assets and ordered a “total and complete” blockade of sanctioned oil tankers; U.S. authorities have seized at lea...
Yes — Venezuela has a documented history of seizing foreign oil assets that included U.S. companies, most notably during the Chávez-era nationalizations and subsequent expropriations in the 2000s, tho...
Major international oil companies, most notably ConocoPhillips and others operating joint ventures in 2007, had large stakes in Venezuelan projects — including Petrozuata, Hamaca and Corocoro — that C...
Dominion Voting Systems is a North American company founded in Canada with headquarters in Toronto and Denver; multiple fact-checks and reporting state it has no ties to Venezuela and did not originat...
Hugo Chávez’s mid-2000s reassertion of state control over Venezuela’s oil sector and Nicolás Maduro’s continuation of that policy led to the effective loss or forced reduction of foreign companies’ op...
Venezuela under Hugo Chávez (1999–2013) and Nicolás Maduro (2013–present) expropriated or seized foreign oil assets including major stakes held by US-based ConocoPhillips in Petrozuata, Hamaca and Cor...
Venezuela was ordered by international tribunals to pay at least two major awards tied to 2007 expropriations: roughly $8.7 billion to ConocoPhillips (ICSID/ICC rulings and later enforcement actions) ...
The Venezuelan state first nationalized its oil industry in the 1970s — commonly dated to 1976 — an action that shifted control of large foreign (including U.S.) oil operations to the state oil compan...
Yes — Venezuela has nationalized its oil industry in multiple waves and directly expropriated assets operated by U.S. firms, from the wholesale state takeover in the 1970s to targeted seizures under H...
Hugo Chávez led large, formal nationalizations across oil, banking, steel, cement, fertilizer and large tracts of agricultural and urban land—culminating in state operational control of the Orinoco oi...
Venezuela’s ruling movement is led by the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), a party that calls itself socialist and grew from Hugo Chávez’s Bolivarian Revolution, but Venezuela is not unifor...
Hugo Chávez’s mid-2000s nationalizations transferred operational control of many foreign-run oil projects to PDVSA and the Venezuelan state, producing a patchwork of outcomes: some firms took negotiat...
Venezuela’s wave of oil-sector nationalizations (notably under Hugo Chávez and later actions) produced multiple international arbitration claims and some awards: ExxonMobil won an ICSID ruling requiri...
The 2007 Venezuelan oil expropriations were a state campaign under President Hugo Chávez to convert foreign-operated oil projects into majority state-controlled ventures — a demand that led Caracas to...
Venezuela has faced multiple arbitration claims by foreign oil firms after nationalizations and contract changes; two widely reported awards are ExxonMobil’s ~$1.6 billion ICSID award and ConocoPhilli...
Hugo Chávez’s government seized or nationalized foreign oil assets in multiple waves, most prominently in 2007 when it reasserted state control over Orinoco heavy‑oil projects operated by major intern...
Declassified intelligence and contemporaneous reporting show U.S. officials had prior knowledge of plots against Hugo Chávez and met with Venezuelan opposition and military figures in the months befor...
President Trump’s reference to “stolen” oil fields points to long-standing disputes over assets nationalized by Venezuela under Hugo Chávez in the 2000s—particularly the 2007 expropriations of foreign...