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President of the United States from 1969 to 1974 (1913–1994)
No U.S. president has lawfully pardoned someone for a state crime; the Constitution limits the presidential pardon to “offences against the United States,” and legal authorities and government guides ...
Donald Trump’s presidency is the subject of extensive allegations and watchdog reports asserting an unprecedented scale of self-enrichment and transactional politics; multiple recent analyses claim hi...
Public opinion polls from late 2024–early 2025 show large shares of Americans saying Joe Biden will be judged poorly by history: Gallup found 54% expect him to be “below average” or “poor” (a net scor...
The War Powers Resolution of 1973 requires the President to notify Congress within of deploying U.S. armed forces into hostilities or certain situations abroad and limits continued military action to ...
Ronald Reagan used an explicitly racist slur in a 1971 taped phone call with President Richard Nixon—calling African U.N. delegates “monkeys”—a passage restored to public release in 2019 and documente...
Public opinion and some polls show a significant share of Americans expect Joe Biden’s presidency to be judged negatively — Gallup reports a net score of –35 for Biden vs. Richard Nixon’s –42 in a Jan...
Public opinion and expert surveys show Donald Trump ranks low on measures of moral authority compared with many modern presidents: a 2025 Gallup analysis finds Trump rated worse on ethics than most re...
Multiple contemporary news reports and legal analyses record that Donald J. Trump was convicted on 34 felony counts of falsifying business records in New York, making him the first U.S. president to b...
Available reporting documents a large volume of allegations, watchdog tracking and legal actions tied to Donald Trump’s administrations — trackers claim more than $2.9 billion in “documented” cases an...
Several past U.S. presidents and high-level officials have faced serious legal exposures—including impeachment, criminal investigations, pleas, and convictions of associates—but , making his convictio...
Donald J. Trump is the first former U.S. president to be criminally indicted, facing multiple federal and state prosecutions whose outcomes remain subject to ongoing litigation and trial scheduling . ...
Measured against the modern record-keeping of journalists and fact‑checkers, Donald J. Trump is extraordinarily well documented for making false or misleading public statements: fact‑checking projects...
Donald Trump is the only U.S. president in modern history to be criminally charged and later convicted on felony counts, but his convictions and many indictments occurred after his White House term; n...
The major legal end to broad undergraduate student deferments came in 1971 when Congress (via HR 6531) and President Nixon moved to eliminate new undergraduate (II‑S) deferments and reclassify incomin...
Student deferments for the Vietnam-era draft were effectively limited by Congress in 1971, when President Nixon signed draft-reform legislation that ended the automatic II‑S undergraduate deferment fo...
Yes — U.S. presidents have at times refused to enforce, ignored, or taken actions that effectively contradicted Supreme Court decisions and judicial orders. Historical examples most commonly cited are...
Richard Nixon’s Watergate and Donald Trump’s legal troubles share core elements—abuse of power, obstruction, and political cover‑ups—but they differ sharply in scope, legal outcomes, and the instituti...
A handful of U.S. presidents and former presidents have faced arrest, investigation, indictment or conviction at different times; the standout in recent years is Donald Trump, who was charged in multi...
President Nixon did not directly order the Ohio National Guard to Kent State; the Guard was activated by Governor James Rhodes after local officials requested help amid riots . Nixon privately used di...
The Twenty-Fifth Amendment has been used, but not in the way some headlines imply: its provisions have been invoked multiple times to fill vacancies and to temporarily transfer power when presidents w...