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A program that has historically produced disparate impacts and led to unlawful profiling and mistaken detentions.
The evidence shows that ICE has deployed different arrest tactics in Democratic-leaning (“blue”) and Republican-leaning (“red”) states: a preponderance of arrests in jails and prisons in red states ve...
ICE agents receive federally standardized basic courses at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center and ICE-specific follow-on programs that emphasize immigration law, investigations and tactical s...
Yes — ICE and the U.S. Border Patrol (part of Customs and Border Protection, CBP) are separate agencies under the Department of Homeland Security but they routinely work together and share enforcement...
Texas is a focal point for ICE enforcement: available reporting shows the state accounts for a disproportionately large share of recent arrests and detention capacity, a reality tied to explicit state...
The majority of ICE agents locate people to detain and deport through a mix of referrals and frontline encounters: Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) processes migrants apprehended at the border...
were willing to form cooperation agreements with during the administration; participation was limited and contested, with many jurisdictions refusing or adopting “sanctuary” limits even as federal pro...
ICE’s authority to demand identification has historically operated within a shifting legal and political framework, and recent reporting shows courts and advocacy groups now say ICE may use race, lang...
The statutory backbone for ICE’s power to arrest and detain noncitizens is found primarily in the Immigration and Nationality Act and its implementing statutes—most notably 8 U.S.C. §§ 1226 and 1357—w...
The 287(g) program is a federal mechanism that deputizes selected state, local, and tribal officers to perform defined immigration-enforcement functions under ICE supervision, and it has shifted incen...
Immigration enforcement officers at the federal level are required to complete specific basic law-enforcement training programs—most commonly courses run through the Federal Law Enforcement Training C...
The authority for ICE officers to arrest under 8 U.S.C. §§ 1226 and 1357 is bounded by statutory categories, regulatory designations, and required training and certification: officers must be designat...
The Obama administration both expanded and later reined in two key programs that tied local policing to federal immigration enforcement: Secure Communities was pushed widely into jurisdictions early i...
A growing body of empirical research and policy briefs links to measurable declines in school attendance and downstream academic outcomes, especially among Latinx and English-learner students; studies...
State and local jails are a primary pipeline for ">’s interior enforcement: they identify, hold, and transfer noncitizens to federal custody through formal agreements and operational practices that de...
287(g) deputizes local officers to perform federal immigration functions, shifting day‑to‑day policing toward immigration enforcement and producing predictable consequences for community trust and leg...
Between 2014 and 2018, formal guidance moved from a narrowly focused, category-based prioritization under the November 20, 2014 memo to a sweeping, department-level directive under the that broadened ...
States that have enacted laws or policies compelling local law-enforcement cooperation with —most notably and —have seen markedly higher volumes of since 2020 than jurisdictions that limit cooperation...
The by in 2025 has produced a two-track effect on : an immediate poaching and retention crisis for many agencies, especially smaller ones, and a simultaneous acceleration of formal partnerships with I...
Since 2014 federal courts have repeatedly constrained the practical force of ICE “detainers,” ruling that the standard Form I-247 is a request—not a mandatory order—and that honoring detainers without...
I‑200 and I‑205 are ICE administrative warrants—internal authorization forms that document ICE’s authority to take someone into immigration custody but are not judicially issued or reviewed, and there...