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The Industrial Revolution marked the beginning of significant human impact on the environment, particularly with the increase in fossil fuel use.
Yes — multiple, independent lines of observational and paleoclimate evidence show Earth has warmed and that , especially greenhouse‑gas emissions from burning fossil fuels, are the dominant cause; maj...
Isotopic ratios of carbon—principally the stable 13C/12C ratio expressed as δ13C—act as a fingerprint that reveals the addition of CO2 from fossil fuels because fossil carbon is consistently depleted ...
The playful pseudo‑Latinate coinages that flourished in early‑to‑mid‑19th‑century America—often produced in as jocular “mock‑Latin”—helped normalize a productive pattern of making new words in English...
Yes — the preponderance of peer-reviewed evidence and major scientific bodies conclude that is caused mainly by human activity, principally the rapid increase in since the ; substantial meta-analyses ...
Yes — the preponderance of evidence and virtually every major scientific assessment concludes that humans are the primary driver of the recent warming of Earth’s climate; greenhouse‑gas emissions from...
is being driven primarily by the build-up of greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere—chiefly carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels, plus methane and other gases—causing the atmosphere to trap more o...
’s rapid 19th-century railway build-out was the product of converging forces: a ready industrial base with , a fragmented but capital-rich private sector driven by speculative “,” and legal-political ...
The major cause of contemporary climate change is the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases produced by human activities—above all the burning of fossil fuels—which traps extra heat in Earth’s syst...
Human-driven warming is supported by multiple, independent lines of evidence: rising global surface and ocean temperatures, increasing atmospheric CO2 tied to fossil fuels, melting ice and rising seas...