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A Supreme Court case that established undocumented immigrants as 'persons' for purposes of constitutional protections.
The Supreme Court’s doctrine on which constitutional rights reach non‑citizens is a patchwork of landmark decisions establishing that “persons” within U.S. territory receive many constitutional protec...
The Supreme Court has repeatedly held that many—but not all—constitutional protections apply to noncitizens present in the United States: core guarantees such as the Due Process Clause and certain Equ...
has used and implicitly endorsed the statutory term “alien” and has, on occasion, used the adjective “illegal” in major opinions — most clearly in where the Court treated “illegal aliens” as “persons”...
The ’s has been a study in tension: a long arc from exclusionary rulings that denied basic rights to categorical holdings that recognize non‑citizens as "persons" entitled to due process and, in some ...
Estimates of the of educating undocumented (commonly termed “illegal”) students in K–12 public schools vary dramatically because of differing definitions, data gaps, and political agendas; conservativ...
and several other states have layered legal protections aimed at limiting immigration enforcement activity on and around schools, rooted in federal privacy law, precedent, and state statutes and guida...
Undocumented immigrants can and have sued government actors for violations of rights grounded in the Fourteenth Amendment because the Constitution protects “persons,” not only citizens—a principle the...
’s immigration due‑process jurisprudence establishes that constitutional protections attach to “persons” in but that the scope of procedural rights varies with an individual’s status and location; key...
State legislatures justify limiting local cooperation with ICE in schools and places of worship by invoking core constitutional protections—principally the Fourth Amendment’s guard against unreasonabl...
ICE has not been categorically forbidden from making arrests at schools since a January 2025 Department of Homeland Security policy change removed prior protections for "sensitive locations," meaning ...
The assembled reporting shows the has long treated noncitizens physically present in as “persons” entitled to at least some constitutional protections, and the Court’s precedents draw a distinction be...
School-district “” or “safe haven” policies are locally crafted pledges—often modeled on templates from teacher unions like the —that generally bar routine immigration-enforcement activity on school p...
can and do invoke major protections of the Fourteenth Amendment in state courts: the Amendment’s Due Process and Equal Protection guarantees have repeatedly been held to protect “persons” within a sta...
and equal protection clauses formally extend to “persons” in , so undocumented immigrants receive core protections under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments; however, courts and statutes draw practica...