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Slavery in the US South in 1860

The geography and demographics of slavery in the US South in 1860, including the concentration of enslaved people and slaveholding rates in different regions.

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Jan 12, 2026
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How did slave ownership rates vary among Deep South, Upper South, and Border States in 1860?

The geography of slavery in 1860 was uneven: the Deep/Lower South concentrated the largest share of enslaved people and the highest household ownership rates, the Upper/Middle South held sizeable but ...