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Index/Topics/Title 42 (2020-2023)

Title 42 (2020-2023)

The invocation and termination of Title 42 and its impact on U.S. border encounters and deportation policies from 2020 to 2023.

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Jan 17, 2026
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How did Title 42 expulsions affect border encounter and removal statistics during 2020–2023, and how do analysts treat them when counting 'deportations'?

Title 42, invoked March 21, 2020 and terminated May 11, 2023, transformed how U.S. authorities recorded and resolved border encounters by creating a parallel category—“expulsions” under a public‑healt...

Jan 20, 2026

How did Title 42 and Biden-era parole programs change Venezuelan migration patterns to the U.S.?

Title 42’s expansion to Venezuelans in October 2022 was paired with a new humanitarian parole pathway that allowed tens of thousands to enter with U.S. sponsors, creating a “carrot-and-stick” policy t...