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The invocation and termination of Title 42 and its impact on U.S. border encounters and deportation policies from 2020 to 2023.
Removals are formal orders that carry administrative (and potentially criminal) penalties for future reentry, while returns are movements of noncitizens out of the that are not based on an order of re...
transformed a rarely used public‑health statute into the ’ dominant border‑control tool from March 2020 through May 11, 2023, producing roughly 2–3 million expulsions during that span depending on the...
The monthly pattern of border crossings from 2016 through 2020 shows a familiar seasonal cycle around a multi-year decline after 2016 and then a sharp disruption in 2020 driven by and the expulsions p...
A clear, consistent ranking of which president "deported" the most people depends entirely on definitions and data choices— under Title 42, or combined “expulsions and returns” yield very different le...
Title 42, invoked March 21, 2020 and terminated May 11, 2023, transformed how U.S. authorities recorded and resolved border encounters by creating a parallel category—“expulsions” under a public‑healt...
The public‑health expulsion authority was created under in March 2020 and stayed in place across administrations, but it was that formally moved to end and ultimately saw the policy lapse in 2023 when...
, invoked in March 2020 and continued into the , allowed rapid at the southern border and effectively blocked many asylum seekers from filing claims, resulting in roughly 2.7–2.96 million expulsions w...
Title 42’s expansion to Venezuelans in October 2022 was paired with a new humanitarian parole pathway that allowed tens of thousands to enter with U.S. sponsors, creating a “carrot-and-stick” policy t...