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Venezuela's oil sector needs tens of billions of dollars and years of investment to restore output.
Hugo Chávez’s 2007 nationalization consolidated state control over oil projects in the Orinoco belt and forced foreign firms, including U.S. majors, to cede operational control to PDVSA, prompting exi...
Venezuelan heavy crude is so viscous and acidic that it must be thinned with lighter hydrocarbons called diluents (naphtha, condensate, light oil) before it can be pumped, blended for export, or proce...
U.S. sanctions and shifts in U.S. policy have not erased arbitration awards against Venezuela, but they have materially altered how—and how easily—creditors can turn those awards into recoveries by co...
Venezuela’s natural resources that most directly intersect with U.S. strategic interests are its vast heavy crude oil reserves, large natural gas deposits, and a suite of strategic minerals—nickel, co...
Non: le fonti disponibili non confermano che il Venezuela abbia formalmente «annullato tutti gli ordini di vendita di petrolio ai paesi occidentali» dopo il rapimento di Nicolás Maduro; piuttosto, la ...
Chevron’s long-standing decision to accept Venezuela’s renegotiated terms and remain operating there left it with ongoing, limited production and a unique operational foothold that other U.S. majors l...