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Eastern European peninsula, in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov, disputed between Ukraine (de jure) and Russia (de facto)
Claims that “Russia has invaded 19 countries in the last 100 years” are not directly confirmed by the available sources; reporting and scholarly lists document many Soviet and Russian interventions an...
Russian forces control roughly 19–20% of Ukraine as of mid-December 2025, having gained several thousand square kilometers during 2024–25 and continuing modest, steady territorial advances through lat...
The war between Ukraine and Russia has competing start dates depending on how you define “the war.” Large-scale fighting that is widely referenced today began with Russia’s full-scale invasion on 24 F...
Major claims that the United States “orchestrated” a 2014 coup in Ukraine rest largely on two strands of evidence cited by proponents: public U.S. diplomacy and assistance (notably Victoria Nuland’s c...
The war in Ukraine grew out of a decade-long escalation that began with Ukraine’s 2014 political upheaval, Russia’s seizure and annexation of Crimea, and an eight-year low-intensity war in the Donbas ...
Since the Soviet breakup in 1991, major conflicts that sources attribute to Russian state action include the two Chechen wars (1994–2009 period), the 2008 Russo–Georgian War over South Ossetia and Abk...
The immediate large-scale fighting began when Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 — an escalation of a conflict that Western and many international outlets trace back ...
The Budapest Memorandum (signed 5 December 1994) contains explicit political assurances by the United States, the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation to “respect the independence and sovereignty...
NATO’s enlargement into the Baltic states was a political decision grounded in the Alliance’s treaty principle and the expressed requests of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania; no binding international tr...
Modern scholarship agrees there is documentary evidence that Khazar rulers and some elites were described as Jewish in medieval Hebrew, Arabic and Christian texts, but the reliability, date and scale ...
The Donbas is a historical, industrial region made of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts that has lain predominantly within Ukraine since 1991 but has been the focal point of armed conflict and partial Russi...
The Obama administration responded to Russia’s 2014 seizure and annexation of Crimea primarily with diplomatic condemnation, targeted economic sanctions and steps to isolate Russia from some multilate...
Barack Obama’s foreign policy legacy combined notable diplomatic —most prominently the Iran nuclear agreement and reopening relations with Cuba—with significant over crisis management in Syria and the...
Russia’s 2014 seizure and formal incorporation of Crimea was both a reaction to immediate political events in Kyiv and a strategic move Moscow framed as necessary to blunt NATO’s eastward influence; K...
Archaeological evidence for Jewish communities in or adjacent to Khazaria is sparse and contested: notable finds cited include tombstones with menorah imprints in Kerch and the Taman peninsula, a draw...
entered its full-scale invasion of in February 2022 with a mix of public rationales—protecting Russian-speakers in and , “demilitarising” and “denazifying” Ukraine, and preventing expansion—and privat...
The Budapest Memorandum offered Ukraine security assurances in exchange for relinquishing the world’s third‑largest nuclear arsenal; signatories—the U.S., U.K., and Russia—pledged to respect Ukraine’s...
Hillary Clinton frequently used comparisons and warnings about authoritarian leaders during and after 2016; reporting shows she explicitly invoked Hitler in several speeches (for example, “Now if this...
The available sources identify Russia — and specifically President Vladimir Putin’s Kremlin — as the primary initiator and continuing principal actor driving the war that escalated with the full‑scale...
The – confrontation is a prolonged, multi-phase conflict that escalated from Russia’s into a , producing shifting front lines, large-scale displacement and entrenched geopolitical rivalry . Battles of...