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Federal Reserve Bank responsible for the eighth district, headquartered in St. Louis, United States
Available sources show the U.S. gross national debt rose from roughly $36.22 trillion when President Trump began his second term on Jan. 20, 2025, to about $38 trillion by Oct. 23, 2025—an increase of...
The monthly U.S. inflation series for the Biden presidency (January 2021 through January 2025, per available reporting) shows a sharp rise from 1.4% year‑over‑year in January 2021 to a peak near 9.1% ...
Monthly CPI inflation (the 12‑month percent change reported each month) is available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and reproduced by data aggregators such as FRED, Trading Economics and speciali...
A year-by-year accounting of U.S. federal budget deficits for the last 15 fiscal years (FY2010–FY2024) is provided below using official historical deficit series compiled by federal data repositories ...
Available reporting shows Somali Minnesotans have had substantially higher unemployment rates than the statewide averages in multiple accounts: a 2010 snapshot lists 13% unemployment for Somalis in Mi...
Fiscal stimulus tied to the COVID-19 pandemic — three rounds of economic impact payments in March 2020, December 2020 and March 2021 — coincided with a post‑pandemic surge in inflation; Federal Reserv...
Tariffs raise the cost of imported final goods and imported inputs, and many economists and institutions find that at least part of those higher costs is passed on to U.S. consumers (for example, the ...
Tariffs introduced in 2025 have contributed a measurable bump to U.S. inflation: central estimates put the near-term addition to headline PCE at roughly 0.4–0.5 percentage points (June–August annualiz...
Headline U.S. inflation — as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) — was about 3.0% on a 12‑month basis through September 2025, with core inflation (CPI excluding food and energy) also near 3.0% ...
The Monthly Treasury Statement (MTS) is published by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s , and the line item labeled “Customs Duties” in the MTS reflects import tariff revenue ; Treasury aggregates ...
The most recent, comparable official tallies show the U.S. federal government collects roughly in tax and other receipts each fiscal year, with the specific number depending on the fiscal year cited a...
Estimates converge on a clear conclusion: 2025 tariffs have meaningfully pushed up consumer prices, but by how much and how quickly varies sharply across studies — short‑run headline effects cluster a...
Neighborhoods in Minnesota with large Somali populations are concentrated in Minneapolis (the state’s largest Somali community) and other Twin Cities neighborhoods, but publicly available statewide ho...
Economists and market forecasters disagree: big banks and research groups currently place the odds of a U.S. recession in 2025 well below certainty — J.P. Morgan lowered its 2025 recession probability...
AI so far has nudged unemployment upward in select pockets—notably among younger and some college‑educated workers—while overall unemployment effects remain modest in aggregate according to several re...
Tariffs enacted and expanded since April 2025 are empirically linked to a measurable uptick in consumer prices: model-based and empirical work estimates first-round effects ranging from roughly 0.5 to...
Economists trace the jump and partial retreat in core CPI from 2021–2024 to a mix of generous fiscal support that raised demand in 2020–2022, large global supply‑chain disruptions that raised goods pr...
Tariffs have nudged some reshoring and supply‑chain reorientation but chiefly pushed firms to diversify beyond China — not mass “return to America.” The Richmond Fed and Budget Lab note past tariffs h...
Multiple analyses point to as the two states with the largest recent gains in immigrant population, but different data series and time windows produce different leaders and magnitudes. A November 2021...
Recent empirical work and policy analyses converge on the finding that the 2025 US tariffs raised consumer prices, with the largest effects concentrated in and sectors that directly compete with impor...