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China is now the dominant buyer of Venezuelan oil, taking roughly 80% of exports in recent months (about 746,000 bpd in November) and absorbing large volumes of fuel oil and methanol as well (136,000 ...
Claims that “global leaders sanctioned Trump” are false in the sense that no reputable reporting shows allies imposing sanctions on U.S. President Donald Trump; instead, reporting shows Trump’s admini...
The Steele dossier contains dozens of raw intelligence allegations; available reporting shows some individual pieces have partial corroboration (for example, that Carter Page met with a Rosneft repres...
Chevron currently stands out as the largest active foreign oil operator in Venezuela through licensed joint ventures with state oil company PDVSA, while a handful of other foreign firms — notably Russ...
The available analyses present a contested picture: some reporting documents a deepening Russia–Venezuela strategic partnership that increases Moscow’s in Venezuela, while other pieces find of Russian...
Russia currently retains one of the world’s largest installed oil‑refining systems—historically around of capacity—yet because of maintenance, sanctions effects, security incidents and operational out...
Since 2007–2010 China provided Venezuela roughly $50–60 billion in loan‑for‑oil and credit‑line arrangements that were repaid largely in crude shipments and equity stakes in Orinoco projects (China De...
The 1997 “Apertura Petrolera” (Oil Opening) fundamentally shifted Venezuela from exclusive state control toward a hybrid model that invited foreign capital and technology into the Orinoco heavy‑oil be...
China and Russia have kept Venezuela’s crude flowing and its joint ventures afloat through investment, technical support, and contracts that sidestep Western firms — stabilising PDVSA output near ~1 m...
China and Russia help Venezuela evade sanctions primarily by keeping markets open for Venezuelan oil and by enabling opaque shipping and financial channels that disguise transactions—through intermedi...
Chinese and Russian oil firms moved from financiers and partners to operational lifelines for Venezuela’s oil sector after Western companies scaled back or were forced out, providing investment, marke...
There is no reporting in the supplied sources that Canada or European governments have imposed sanctions on Donald Trump or his family. Coverage instead documents escalating political and economic fri...
Foreign governments have not broadly imposed sanctions "against Trump" personally in the sources provided; reporting instead documents aggressive U.S. sanctions policy under President Trump—such as U....
There is no evidence in the supplied reporting that “London, France and Canada” have imposed sanctions on former President Donald Trump himself; available sources describe sanctions activity involving...
Since 2019 the United States has used executive orders, Treasury designations and licensing rules to choke off Venezuela’s oil revenue — principally by sanctioning PDVSA and entities in the oil sector...
Russia has indeed committed and routed money into Venezuela’s oil sector through state-linked companies and debt arrangements, most visibly via the 15-year extensions and reported investments tied to ...
Since 2000, Chinese and Russian oil companies have acted as financiers, production partners and political backstops for Venezuela’s state oil company PDVSA, helping sustain exports, operate fields and...
The three Orinoco Belt joint ventures—Petropiar, Petrocedeño and Petromonagas—were formed as PDVSA-led partnerships that shifted in legal status and ownership as Hugo Chávez’s government reasserted co...
U.S. sanctions beginning in January 2019 targeted PDVSA and the Venezuelan oil sector by blocking transactions, freezing assets, and curtailing U.S. exports of diluents and refined products, measures ...
Chinese state-linked China Concord Resources Corp (CCRC) is operating a $1 billion Lake Maracaibo project with a floating production facility to boost output at Lago Cinco and Lagunillas Lago from abo...