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Dark money — spending by nonprofits and shell companies that don’t disclose donors — hit record levels in the 2024 cycle, with analysts estimating roughly $1.9–$2.0 billion poured into federal races a...
Independent analyses find that “dark money” spending in the 2024 federal election cycle was about $1.9 billion to “almost $2 billion,” a record high and roughly double 2020 levels according to the Bre...
Make America Great Again Inc. (MAGA Inc.) spent roughly $376.9 million in outside/ad spending during the 2024 federal election cycle, with independent reporting and watchdogs estimating that approxima...
Transparent ad libraries (Meta, Google) and academic collections like the Wesleyan Media Project provide raw impressions, spend and targeting fields needed to measure reach; peer‑reviewed studies link...
Researchers trace “dark money” through a mix of public records analysis, advertising and platform data aggregation, nonprofit tax forms, network-mapping of intermediary groups, and on-the-ground docum...
Independent analyses find that “dark money” — spending by nonprofits and shell companies that do not disclose donors — was a major and growing part of 2024 election finance: the Brennan Center estimat...
Available reporting shows "dark money" — undisclosed nonprofit and shell-company spending — was large in 2024, with the Brennan Center estimating about $1.9 billion flowed into the federal cycle and o...