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Since 1980, , though counts differ depending on whether one counts every funding gap or only full "shutdowns." , while other presidents (Reagan, Carter, Obama) saw fewer or shorter shutdowns depending...
Available sources in this packet do not include direct copies of President Ronald Reagan’s White House physicians’ reports about his personal mental health from 1981–1989; instead, the materials focus...
A president has historically altered the White House’s rooms and grounds, but recent reporting shows those changes normally run through preservation reviews and federal commissions — a process Preside...
Texas has voted for Democratic presidential candidates repeatedly through the 19th and 20th centuries, but the . Contemporary sources and election tallies show that Texas has voted Republican in every...
The available records present two competing claims about which White House event hosted the most guests: a widely cited for Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, an...
President Barack Obama issued 212 formal pardons during his two terms in office and carried out 1,715 commutations for a total of 1,927 acts of clemency (pardons + commutations) according to U.S. Depa...
Gallup and other poll aggregators show Donald Trump’s approval at historically low levels for comparable points in modern presidencies — his first-term 100-day approval was about 40%, the lowest for a...
The —three —does not have a single universally accepted factory CFM number in the sources provided; enthusiasts and specialists report total flow estimates that cluster between roughly 700 and 950 CFM...
Wartime conditions reshape U.S. presidential politics through three linked channels: they can suppress turnout by physically displacing or delaying ballots while simultaneously mobilizing new voters—e...
A review of available reporting shows both Republican and Democratic administrations have been tainted by high-profile corruption scandals across U.S. history, but multiple independent tallies and fac...
No — the claim that “Trump’s economy is the best ever in the U.S.” is not supported by the comparative economic record in the academic and historical literature: multiple rigorous studies find that U....
Brown’s reputation for progressive and radical activism rests on a long institutional history of student protest and a constellation of faculty, programs and centers that study and sometimes ally with...
Inflation spikes across U.S. presidencies have repeatedly correlated with major external shocks—oil embargoes and price crises in the 1970s, wars that spiked energy and supply costs, and the global pa...
President Biden granted an unprecedented volume of clemency in a series of mass commutations — including a January 17–19, 2025 action commuting roughly 2,490 sentences and earlier group commutations s...
Since 1993 Democratic presidents (Bill Clinton, Barack Obama, Joe Biden) granted far more acts of clemency overall than their Republican counterparts (George W. Bush, Donald Trump [first term], and—wh...
President Biden issued by far more clemency actions than recent presidents — including thousands of commutations and multiple mass proclamations — leaving him above modern predecessors on total pardon...