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A democratically elected leader can be described as *fascist* if their ideology and actions match scholarly definitions of fascism—authoritarian, ultranationalist, anti-pluralist, and willing to use v...
Experts, politicians and commentators disagree sharply on whether Donald Trump is “officially fascist.” Some analysts and figures—including historian Robert Paxton (cited by reporting), former Chief o...
Debate over whether Donald Trump is a fascist is active and unresolved: historians and commentators offer competing judgments that hinge on definitions of fascism and varying readings of Trump’s rheto...
Scholars and commentators are deeply divided over whether Donald Trump meets historical or scholarly definitions of fascism; some argue he displays core fascist characteristics, while others call the ...
Robert O. Paxton defines fascism primarily as a mode of political behavior driven by — an obsessive preoccupation with decline, victimhood, and the primacy of the in-group that produces cults of unity...
Historians and scholars have produced credible, repeated arguments that , including exclusionary nationalism, creation of enemies, and appeals to authoritarian strength, as articulated by figures such...
Scholars treat fascism not as a single, simple label but as a contested cluster of features—violent, exclusionary nationalism, charismatic authoritarian leadership, suppression of opposition, and mass...
Blood and soil (German: Blut und Boden) is a nationalist, racially defined doctrine that ties "blood" (descent or race) to "soil" (territory), originating in the völkisch movement and adopted as a key...
Scholars and commentators use multiple checklists to define fascism — common features include a cult of the “people” led by a dominant leader, aggressive nationalism, suppression of opposition, parami...
A compact roster of scholars dominates contemporary and historical debates about fascism: Robert Paxton, Roger Griffin, Emilio Gentile, George L. Mosse, Ian Kershaw, Ruth Ben‑Ghiat, and a cluster of h...
Historians and political theorists converge on a core cluster of traits that reliably identify 20th‑century fascist movements: to remake the polity. Scholars emphasize that fascism is best seen as a f...
Scholars define fascism as a set of political behaviors—obsessive nationalism, scapegoating, violent mobilization, destruction of democratic norms, and centralization of state power—distinct from but ...
Scholars and institutions offer repeatable checklists—Laurence Britt’s 14 points and versions from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum and Umberto Eco—that list traits commonly seen when movements slid...
Historians of 1930s Europe treat comparisons between Mussolini/Hitler and contemporary right‑wing movements such as Trumpism as analytically useful but contested: many identify thematic echoes—demagog...
The word “fascism” today lives in two registers: a well-studied historical ideology with specific traits described by scholars and encyclopedias, and a broadly deployed political epithet used across t...
The materials present two competing frames: one that identifies in Donald Trump’s rhetoric and movement, and another that argues he represents . Both sides rely on historical definitions of fascism, s...
The question “Is Trump fascist?” cannot be answered with a single label without defining fascism and specifying which behaviors or policies are under scrutiny; scholars and commentators disagree, some...
Political scientists do not agree on a single definition of fascism, but most contemporary scholars emphasize extreme ultranationalism, authoritarianism, mass mobilization, and violence or suppression...
Scholars from the 1920s to today treat “fascism” as a contested category but repeatedly identify a core cluster of traits: extreme nationalism and authoritarianism; anti‑liberal and anti‑communist pol...
Political scientists and historians converge on a core set of traits that define fascism: , combined with violence, militarism, and suppression of opposition. Debates persist about boundaries and emph...