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French multinational energy and petroleum company
Hugo Chávez and his successor Nicolás Maduro oversaw waves of state takeovers and tighter state control over oil and mining assets, notably asserting majority or full state stakes in Orinoco heavy-oil...
Hugo Chávez’s government seized or nationalized foreign oil assets in multiple waves, most prominently in 2007 when it reasserted state control over Orinoco heavy‑oil projects operated by major intern...
Chevron currently stands out as the largest active foreign oil operator in Venezuela through licensed joint ventures with state oil company PDVSA, while a handful of other foreign firms — notably Russ...
Venezuela’s nationalizations over decades swept up not only U.S. oil majors but a broad array of foreign (non‑U.S.) firms — European and regional partners in joint ventures — and several of those comp...
Hugo Chávez’s drive to assert state control over Venezuela’s oil translated, by the mid-2000s, into the takeover or forced relinquishment of foreign-operated projects — most prominently assets run by ...
Venezuela has paid varying amounts of compensation to owners of nationalized assets: some firms received multi‑hundred‑million to billion‑dollar settlements (Exxon – originally $1.6bn award later redu...
Venezuela’s 2007 hydrocarbon nationalizations led to high-profile seizures of assets from several foreign oil firms — most notably ConocoPhillips and ExxonMobil — triggering multiple international arb...
Hugo Chávez’s mid‑2000s campaign to reassert state control over Venezuela’s oil sector culminated in 2007 orders that converted foreign-operated heavy‑oil projects—especially in the Orinoco Belt—into ...
The 1997 “Apertura Petrolera” (Oil Opening) fundamentally shifted Venezuela from exclusive state control toward a hybrid model that invited foreign capital and technology into the Orinoco heavy‑oil be...
Venezuela’s 2007 nationalizations spawned a string of international arbitration awards—most notably ConocoPhillips’ multi-billion dollar wins and ExxonMobil’s mixed ICC/ICSID results—but the bulk of t...
Available reporting shows no credible evidence that Bill Gates promotes a consumer product called “Sugar Wise.” Some webpages describe scams and deepfaked celebrity endorsements that misuse Gates’s li...
ConocoPhillips and ExxonMobil both obtained international arbitration awards after Venezuela’s 2007-2010-era seizures of assets and have pursued collection primarily through international arbitration ...
Available sources do not report that Bill Gates or the Gates Foundation has promoted a product called "Sugar Wise" or directly endorsed dietary supplements by that exact name; fact-check-style reporti...
No provided source contains a contemporaneous, line‑item "asset inventory" that explicitly marks delayed coker or hydrocracker units as delayed; therefore it is not possible from the reporting supplie...
A definitive, unit-by-unit inventory of operational cokers and hydrocrackers on the U.S. Gulf Coast cannot be produced from the supplied reporting because the sources give refinery-level capacities an...
Available reporting and searchable Gates Foundation data do not show Bill Gates formally endorsing or investing in a company called “Sugarwise.” The Gates Foundation operates a public committed-grants...
In 2007 the Venezuelan government moved to take operational control of major foreign-run heavy‑oil projects in the Orinoco Belt, most notably seizing ExxonMobil’s Cerro Negro and La Ceiba projects and...
Venezuela nationalized its oil industry in two major waves: a broad, legal nationalization that created state oil company PDVSA on January 1, 1976, and a later campaign under President Hugo Chávez in ...
The picture that emerges from recent industry and government reporting is that U.S.-headquartered firms are present in Argentina’s energy sector but are not the dominant players; Chevron is the cleare...
China and Russia built their post‑2007 relationships with Venezuela’s PDVSA around state‑backed finance and trade‑for‑oil structures—China mainly through large loan‑for‑oil lines and joint ventures th...