Index/Organizations/Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Academic journal of the National Academy of Sciences

Fact-Checks

54 results
Nov 17, 2025
Most Viewed

How do sanctuary states and cities impact the number of ICE arrests?

Research shows sanctuary policies tend to reduce how often local jails honor ICE detainer requests and are associated with fewer deportations, while most empirical studies find no measurable increase ...

Nov 13, 2025
Most Viewed

How does Fox News bias compare to CNN or MSNBC?

Fox News is consistently identified as the most of the three cable outlets, while CNN and MSNBC are generally identified as , with substantial variation by time slot and show. Multiple measurement met...

Dec 4, 2025
Most Viewed

How do police shooting rates by race compare when adjusted for crime rates and population?

When measured per capita, Black Americans experienced about 6.1–6.2 fatal police shootings per million people per year versus roughly 2.4 per million for white Americans between 2015 and Dec. 2024 (Wa...

Nov 15, 2025

what percentage of private health care insurance costs are sales and administrative

Estimates vary because analysts measure different things: private insurers’ overhead (administration + profits) is commonly reported around 11–18% of premiums for employer and individual markets, whil...

Jan 17, 2026

How have conflicts of interest and prior funding ties shaped early scientific responses to the lab‑leak hypothesis?

Conflicts of interest and prior funding ties played a central, contested role in shaping the scientific community’s initial response to the lab‑leak hypothesis: early, authoritative statements that fr...

Oct 3, 2025

How did local law enforcement respond to Obama's sanctuary city guidance?

Local law enforcement responded to the Obama-era sanctuary guidance by largely shifting practices away from broad cooperation with federal deportation efforts, adopting local “sanctuary” or noncoopera...

Jan 17, 2026

do illegal do more harm than US citizens

A substantial body of empirical research finds that undocumented immigrants are arrested and incarcerated at lower rates than U.S.-born citizens across violent, drug, and property offenses, and that i...

Jan 15, 2026

Have modern ballistic or forensic tests (e.g., CT, metal analysis) re-evaluated the calibers and shooter locations in the JFK case?

Modern forensic work has repeatedly re-examined JFK assassination evidence using newer techniques—neutron activation and other metal analyses, digital 3‑D preservation, laboratory re-testing and compu...

Dec 5, 2025

Us political violence incidents right wing Islamist

Academic data show that in the United States, right‑wing and Islamist extremists have similar levels of violence in some datasets, while globally Islamist attacks tend to be deadlier; researchers foun...

Jan 18, 2026

How many ICE raids occurred in U.S. schools since 2020 by year?

A definitive count of how many ICE raids occurred in U.S. schools since 2020 by year is not available in the sources provided: ICE’s public statistics do not break out enforcement actions by precise l...

Jan 18, 2026

which preaident deported the most illigal alians

Barack Obama is widely documented as having overseen the largest number of formal removals ("deportations") of noncitizens in modern U.S. history, a tally commonly cited at roughly three million over ...

Dec 21, 2025

What do excess‑mortality studies say about U.S. pandemic deaths in 2020–2022 compared with the official COVID death tallies?

Excess‑mortality studies — which compare observed all‑cause deaths to statistically modelled baselines — consistently find that the United States suffered substantially more deaths during 2020–2022 th...

Dec 1, 2025

How do crime rates compare between undocumented immigrants and US-born citizens by offense type?

Multiple peer-reviewed and government-funded analyses find that undocumented immigrants have substantially lower arrest, conviction, and incarceration rates than U.S.-born citizens across major offens...

Nov 29, 2025

Do women's preferences for penis size vary by age, culture, or relationship type?

Research using 3D models and cross‑sectional surveys finds a consistent "ideal" erect length near 6.1–6.3 inches (≈15.5–16 cm) and girth near ~4.8–5 in reported samples, but variation exists by study ...

Nov 17, 2025

Which media organizations covered the January 6 rally and what editorial processes governed their footage selection?

Major international and U.S. media organizations — including legacy broadcasters (BBC, Reuters), U.S. outlets (CNN, PBS, The Guardian, Newsweek, Time) and many local and international outlets — covere...

Jan 17, 2026

What does peer-reviewed research say about the impact of sanctuary policies on local crime rates?

Peer‑reviewed and working‑paper evidence consistently rejects the simple claim that sanctuary policies raise crime; a plurality of rigorous studies finds either no effect on violent crime or modest re...

Jan 15, 2026

What major studies (e.g., 2018 CATO, 2019 Stanford) found about immigrant crime rates vs natives?

Multiple major studies converge on the finding that immigrants—both legal and undocumented in many analyses—have lower rates of incarceration, arrest, and many measured felony offenses than U.S.-born ...

Jan 15, 2026

How have sanctuary policies affected public safety metrics and community policing outcomes in major U.S. cities?

Sanctuary policies—local limits on cooperation with federal immigration enforcement—have generally not increased crime and are associated in multiple studies and advocacy analyses with stable or impro...

Jan 14, 2026

Which peer‑reviewed studies examine support for political domination or violent extremism among Muslim populations and what do they find?

A body of peer‑reviewed research—ranging from large‑N cross‑national surveys to experimental psychology—examines attitudes among Muslim populations toward political violence and domination and consist...

Dec 15, 2025

What independent studies have evaluated msn political bias and what methodologies did they use?

Multiple independent studies and NGO ratings have evaluated MSNBC’s political slant using several distinct methodologies: content/transcript analysis and guest-ideology scoring (Stanford/PNAS/PMC), la...